Listing, leaning or swimming on one side: Your fish cannot stay upright, and they always seem to be tipping to one side, making it difficult or impossible to swim normally.Sinking to the bottom: Your fish spends most of their time lying on the bottom of the tank and struggles to swim to the surface, if they can do so at all.Floating on the surface: Your fish spends most of their time floating at the surface, potentially upside down in more advanced cases, and has a difficult time descending in the water column, if they can do so at all.Distended belly: Your fish’s abdomen will appear full or bloated and the fish will struggle to maneuver normally.Sometimes the swim bladder becomes so over-inflated that it is impossible for the fish to counteract the positive buoyancy of the bladder with their swimming movements, resulting in your fish swimming upside down like they’re attached to a balloon.Īll symptoms of swim bladder disease involve swimming problems relating to neutral buoyancy, and your sick fish can exhibit one of more of these at once. More accurately, swim bladder disease can be described as a buoyancy disorder and can manifest positively (floating to the surface) or negatively (sinking to the bottom). The actual swim bladder is often not the source of the disease but is the organ impacted by the primary illness. Note that swim bladder disease is not a specific sickness but rather a syndrome it is a sign of other underlying issues. ![]() When a fish has trouble regulating their swim bladder, it’s commonly called swim bladder disease. The former is categorized as physostomous, and the latter as physoclistous. In general, fish regulate the amount of air in their swim bladder in one of two ways: by gulping air at the surface (e.g., carp, koi, catfish, goldfish) or through gas exchange via an intricate network of blood vessels (e.g., cichlids, perch-like fish). The primary function of the fish swim bladder is to maintain buoyancy, though it can also play a role in your fish’s hearing and vocalizing. To understand swim bladder (aka air bladder) disease, you must first understand the swim bladder itself.
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